Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction in Multti phase Systems By Erdogan Alper
The phenomenon of "mass transfer with chemical reaction" takes place whenever one phase is brought into contact with one VII or more other phases not in chemical equilibrium with it. This ohenomenon has industrial, biological and physiological importance. In chemical process engineering, it is encountered in both separ- ation processes and reaction engineering. In some -cases, a chemical reaction may deliberately be employed for speeding up the rate of mass transfer and/or for increasing the capacity of the solvent; in other cases the multiphase reaction system is a part of the process with the specific aim of product formation. Finally, in some cases, for instance "distillation \"Iith chemical reaction", both objectives are involved. Although the subject is clearly a chemical engineering undertakin~, it requires often a I good understanding of other subjects, such as chemistry and fluid mechanics etc., leading to publications in diversified areas. On the other hand, the subject has always been a major field and one of the most fruitful for chemical engineers.
It is for these reasons that the editor decided to organise a NATO Advanced Study Institute covering all aspects, with the ul ti mate aim of an overvi 2\'1 of the 1 andscape to i denti fy features that provide orientation. After many discussions \'Iith Professors H.-D. Deck1rJer, P.V. Danckwerts, C. Hanson and t4.M. Sharma, it vIas decided to limit the ASI to (1) gas-liquid, (2) liquid-liquid, and . (3) gas-liquid-solid systems. Thus, the only really important area left out was fluid-solid systems, part of which was hO\,/ever dealt with in another NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Analysis of Fluid-Solid Catalytic Systems" under the directorship of Prof. G;F. Froment. The originally planned date for ~he Institute had to be postponed for one year in order to prevent a clash with another NATO Advanced Study Institute.
This bJO-volume book consists entirely of the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, v/hich was held in Cesme, Izmir, Turkey during August 10-22, '1981. It includes review lectures of the eminent scientists as presented during the Institute. Although every attempt was made by the director/ editor, it was not altoaether Dossible to realise absolute uniformity as these reviews were written in a relatively short time by authors who did not have the chance of coming together prior to the meeting. During the Institute, some short original contributions were also presented by interested participants on areas closely related to the invited reviews.
Due to the large amount of material, these Proceedings are divided into two volumes. The first volume includes the general introductory revie\'!s involving the mathematical lay-out, physico-chemical data, reaction kinetics and transport data, gas-liquid and liquid-liquid systems, and biochemical systems. The second volume is devoted entirely to the three-phase system and its application to coal technology ~nd Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
Special features of this Institute reflected fully in these Proceedings, are the treatments of biological reactions, facilitated transport, reactive distillation, solvent extraction of metals and some related aspects of coal utilisation.
Here, I would very much like to compliment and thank all lecturers not only for their very clear oral and written contributions but also for wholeheartedly supporting the Institute. I feel particularly obliged to make a special ackno\~/ledgement to Prof. ~1. -D. Deckwer, who was involved from the very beginning to the very end, to Professors P.V. DanckltJerts and M.t4. Sharma \A/ho contributed immensely to the scientific organisation, and to Prof. ~~ .t1. Sharma \'/ho was a 1 so very kind in prov; di ng ma teri a 1 pr; or to publication.
I would also like to thank all participants for their contributions to the Advanced Study Institute. Indeed, it was their active participation which brought a real sense of satisfaction to the director/editor.
I express, of course above all, my deepest gratitude to the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO and their officers, in particular Or. M. di Lullo and Mr. M. Sudarskis, who not only almost entirely supported the Institute financially, but also helped a local objective of m'ine, i.e. promoting scientific affairs of Turkish chemical engineers. I gratefully acknowledge also the financial contributions of the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council and the Ankara Office of the British Council.
I would also like to thank my assistants and co-workers at various universities in Turkey for doing many tedious chores, and to thank Mrs. Bilge Goksidan for the drawings.
Last, but by no means least, my effort$ in organising this ASI could not have succeeded without the patience and the under- 'standing of my wife, Ayse, and our daughter, Gizem, who have on too many occasions been neglected during the last two years; for their co-operation and inspiration I am particularly grateful.
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